Thursday, December 15, 2011

The Internet Censorship debate


Freedom of expression takes a new dimension altogether when placed in the context of the digital channels like blogs, social networks or microblogs in the Internet. While there is no absolutism associated with any freedom, the applicability or the non applicability of restrictions and laws between the real world and the digital space needs clear understanding and a distinction based on this understanding.

The stand of Free Software Movement, has always been to sustain and perpetuate the freedom of computer users and information technology benefactors. When the Government of India today has proposed severe but unsubstantiated endorsement of censorship, leading to the curbing of fundamental rights of expression, we would want to reiterate our stand to Free Software supporters by presenting the the threat this move would pose to the essence of neutrality in the Internet and democracy in the country.

Expressing oneself in the conventional media like press, books, television and radio are entirely different, than when an individual is expressing via digital vents on the Internet. The accessibility to the media itself, and the broadcast range of the channels in both the realms are fundamentally different.

In conventional media, not everyone has a say, and the chances of rebutting to the opinions of the 'media privileged' people expressing them is seriously restricted; In the Internet it is quite the opposite. By design the Internet provides equal footing to everyone to express their own views. Anyone can express their views, or counter an expressed view without having to depend on 'media partners' to attach a voice to their opinions. Hence, it could be said that the Internet is self conditioned, and does not require external regulators.

Secondly, the views presented in newspapers, books and television, or any other form of conventional media are in a sense 'imposed', wherein except from unsubscribing to those services there is little of resentment one can demonstrate. Moreover the conventional media vents have percolated deep into the society in a country like India, where it is not the Internet but newspapers and television which build opinions of people. In contrast, the content put up on the Internet operates and caters to a relatively small portion of the population. The sensibilities of the information on the Internet makes sense to the communities of people on that particular service or platform alone, and does not spill over to the streets. It is the user who seeks content on the Interent and nothing is imposed, in comparison with the conventional media.

Further the current stand of the Government to curb and hone down the views expressed on the Internet comes as a shock. Authorities headed by Mr Kapil Sibal, whose lack of comprehension of the problem at hand is being debated heavily on all platforms, well beyond the online platforms. 

http://www.labnol.org/india/censorship-in-india/20527/

It seems he has suddenly gotten aware of the censorship trick. Mr. Sibal and the rest of the Government have been projecting that “religious blasphemy” is what they are trying to counter in the Internet – which is far from the whole truth.

There has been a lot of active propaganda on the net about the plethora of scams that the current UPA Government has been involved in. The facts being circulated might not be audited, and very just but the essence these streams online have been carrying have certainly put the Government at guard and now are using a masquerade of “religious blasphemy” to curb the freedom of expression in the Internet.

The extreme interest Mr. Sibal has been taking in this regard comes as a bigger surprise, for, the issues pertaining to the infrastructural problems of e-Governance in India, the security issues related to the Aadhaar Unique Identification project and the secretive NATGRID are not being given the same importance. These issues about Internet and technology which have been growing steadily for sometime now have to be addressed firstly, which neither Mr. Sibal nor his instigators have bothered about.

The enthusiastic involvement which Mr. Sibal, representing the Government of India has demonstrated, to curb the freedom of expression in the digital sphere manifests the unreasonable apprehensions of our current governors. If implemented, this censorship would beyond curbing the freedom of expression, cripple the democracy, or the little of it which remains.

Free Software Movement with this clear understanding, urges Internet users and activists to take up online campaigns, propagate the nuances of the issue at hand and stand up for the freedom in the Internet. 

Thursday, December 1, 2011

Running 32 bit compiled binaries on 64 bit machines

Although the officially supported packages for GNU/Linux platforms from major corporations like Texas instruments might not wholly adhere to the Free Software guidelines, when the user is in desparate need to run an application from such corporations, the most optimal solution would be to get the binaries running on GNU/Linux rather than out of compulsion to use Windoze.


Code Composer by Texas Instruments is one such handy environment for all Electronics engineers. Although the tool itself is a propreitary one, TI does give a GNU/Linux version of it. It comprises of the binaries and dependencies for easy porting onto different flavours.

And because this is a precompiled package, and mostly compiled for the scenario of 32 bit architecture running a 32 bit kernel, if the necessary dependencies are not installed the binaries wouldn't run on 64 bit machines running 64 bit kernel.

"ia32libs" is the package which contains runtime libraries for the ia32/i386 architecture, configured for use on an amd64 or ia64 Debian system running a 64-bit kernel.Without these libraries, the above mentioned binaries will not get installed on the system.

Default installation,
fossphosis@raghu # apt-get install ia32-libs

That's all!
Now, your machine will be able to run the binaries compiled for 32 bit scenarios as well!

Monday, November 7, 2011

Rendezvous with a Debian Developer

Just about an hour ago is when I dropped of Jonas Smedegaard on his way to the Bangalore International airport after his week's stay here.

courtesy vigneshwar shankar


Although I haven't been writing about any person in specific even in my personal blog, in this post I only intend to reflect upon the paradigms of Jonas in comparison to my own. I won't repeat all the technicalities discussed through the week, but will try to project my perception of this hacker, who is more than a mere geek.

Now, why Jonas, and not compare myself to someone I've already known?
I believe our perceptions, and hence our deep principles heavily depend on the circumstances we are faced with, and it cannot be universal - will be relative.
Me and Jonas, as I did very well realize are from different societies, and hence have different mental worlds.

In Jonas' own terms, he comes from a different world and many a times we from this world (as many of us kept proving it through the week) here get duped into just looking at the surface, and not the details of them.
"Surface is narcotics", as he said, is so apt.

I have had a different perception of westernization. I would never be a hypocrite, or a dumb emulator of people from different societies. I must have exhibited some tendencies towards some "unreasonable" emulation, and this week long interaction with Jonas has help me sort out my prerogative in my realms.

Another important aspect which got me all inspired was, the way he correlates his work, its impact to the grand scenario. I think I fail to recognize (at least for now), the ramifications of my own small contributions to the big picture. Being inert about an issue is equivalent to encouraging it, is another point he reiterated many a times.

Leaders need to inspire, and make space for the team to grow and express themselves : A nice notion about leadership I heard Jonas say, and I, like him too have been trying to get closer to this ideal.


All said and done, respecting differences between people and each taking the better of the paths for oneself is what is the ultimate path to harmony and cooperation, both in dissimilar communities of similar individuals, and similar communities of dissimilar individuals.

PS: If you missed the technicalities, here are some reports of the events in Bangalore
http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/article2601600.ece
http://fossphosis.blogspot.com/2011/11/jonas-smedegaard-in-bangalore.html
https://alieniscogitationibus.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/debian-pureblends-and-the-freedom-box/
http://sreejithsblog.blogspot.com/2011/11/freedom-debian-pure-blends-and-jonaas.html

Friday, November 4, 2011

Jonas Smedegaard in Bangalore

Jonas Smedegaard : Debian developer is in Bengaluru and FSMK has been actively trying to get Jonas meet, interact and discuss with Free Software enthusiasts from the whole spectrum. Debian Pure Blends and FreedomBox are primarily on the agenda of Jonas' visit to India. So, most of the sessions would revolve around these.


The schedule for Jonas' visit, which I had worked out in consultation with Jonas has kept him occupied for most of the days ( and many a times making it hectic for him!).
Now that we are losing track of all that's happening, I thought it to be good if I could jot it down here. Will keep updating it further

  • 1st Nov: Jonas arrives, and although I was to escort him when he arrived, the train reaches early and I reach late - we then stumble upon each other serendipitously! Nice start :) 

  • 2nd Nov: No concrete schedule for the day, but casual interactions with some of our FSMK activists and enthusiasts

  • 3rd Nov: First of the formal talks at PES School of Engineering. Will gather more info about the talk itself from some of the audience and update it later. 
The talk was followed by a hurried, adhoc meeting with Secretary, Education Department, Government of Karnataka which was one of those unfruitful meetings. Nonetheless, an insight into the problem at hand of implementing Free Software in education did make itself clearer

 Towards the evening a dinner with Prof.Chatterjee from Indian Institute of Astrophysics, which turned out to be a vibrant discussion ranging from nuclear power to wars, to free software and astrophysics! We ended it with a eulogistic reminiscence of Neils Bohr!

  • 4th Nov: Free Software talk at Bangalore University in the morning. The talk has created extra interest amongst the audience, and we will look forward to creating an active GLUG there. 
Afternoon, a talk on FreedomBox and Debian Pureblends was organized at the Indian Institute of Science. Session details will be updated. 
Post talk, Jonas gave an interview to The Hindu

The day being so demanding, and all the sessions being monotonous, just to digress from the flow, it was arranged for Jonas to watch a carnatic classical music concert live. Will collect his views and update here!

  • 5th Nov: Another talk on Freedombox/Pureblends in BMS Institute of Technology scheduled in the morning. It will be followed by a casual GLUG members discussion on Debian, contribution etc...
  • 6th Nov: Debian Pureblends Packaging session at FSMK office, and the first hands on workshop in this stint! Looking forward to it.
    We're also working out a quick visit to the Ambedkar Community Computing Center.

  • 7th Nov: Jonas is leaving to Vietnam
This is for now! Will see if anymore appendages occur for the remaining time!

Sunday, October 23, 2011

Adding custom menu entries in Debian/Ubuntu

Some of the applications which we install from third party sources are not indexed in the Applications tab in the GNOME shell.

The problem in such a case is the high chances of forgetting what the application name is! And this happens so often with me, that I am forced to create these entries in the Applications menu.

Here's a simple procedure to do this. Although there's System->Preferences->Main Menu to do this, this one is better for some obvious reasons (you can give your custom icons)

  • The Applications Menu entries reside in the directory /usr/share/applications , and to create a new entry create a .desktop file in this directory
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo nano myapp.desktop

  • The .desktop files have just the information needed to put up an entry in the Applications tab, and to run your app; Here is the sample content of the Qtoctave entry from the file qtoctave.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=QtOctave
Comment=Graphical Qt frontend for GNU Octave
TryExec=qtoctave
Exec=qtoctave
Icon=qtoctave
Type=Application
Categories=Development;Math;Science;Education;Electronics
  • Make these entries into the myapp.desktop file with relevant modifications like your executable file name in the exec field.
  • After modification of the .desktop file, save and close it. Now, the entry should appear in the categories which you mention.
  • To add your application an icon, crop a 32x32 png image and add it into the default icons directory /usr/share/app-install/icons/,
sudo cp myicon.png /usr/share/app-install/icons/ 

In the Icon field of the .desktop file, provide the file name if the icon resides in the aforementioned default directory, or give the full path of the icon

And there you go, your own custom application entry with a custom icon!

Friday, October 14, 2011

Over to Oneiric Ocelot

Ubuntu 11.10 aka Oneiric Ocelot made a silent appearance yesterday in the Operating system arena. Although it has come silently, it does make quite a bit of noise with whatever it has brought along.


After Natty Narhwal and the controversial Unity, Oneiric Ocelot comes somewhat as a pacifier, with improvements on Unity (yes, Unity is here to stay) and official support to Gnome3.


Here are some salient features of Oneiric.
  • Linux kernel 3.0! 
Of all the reviews I had read, no one seemed to have noticed that Ubuntu 11.10 ships with the Linux 3 series kernel. That is certainly worth a mention. Although the Linux3.0 by itself has had no major changes except for the notation and rumors about power regression. Will keep an eye on the battery on my machine.


  • Unity revamped
As all other reviews have been posting, Unity does get a revamp and seems more stable. It responds quickly, no lag whatsoever. And the aesthetics are more pleasing than in Natty. When I am going to get Oneiric as my production OS, I will certainly want to have picked up all the keyboard shortcuts for Unity.
super+s, super+a, super+f and super+m are for now really handy to view the workspaces, browse applications, files and music respectively.

Another important aspect about the feel of Unity is the dash itself. The new dash is gorgeous which acquires a tinge correlating the backdrop of the other windows/the desktop itself.


  • Login screen is sleeker
Another small but pleasing change is on the Login screen itself. It looks simple, yet futuristic. There is also something about the new asterisk while typing the password which grabs one's attention :-)


  • No Me menu
The elaborate Me menu has been removed and a less elaborate dock with access to most performance options like Power, hardware, etc.. has been added. Unclear of the intent of this change though.
  • Evolution gives way to Thunderbird
Evolution the  long associate as the default mail client has been replaced with Mozilla Thunderbird. Having used only Evolution and not Thunderbird I'm not in  a position to comment on it. From Mozilla must be good. 

  • Software Centre is bigger, better
I haven't been a big fan of Software Center. Nonetheless, it has a more professional look and will be of certain use to new users. First thing, I am getting Synaptic, just for sentimental reasons ;-) 

  • Missing applications
After removing GIMP from the default install in Maverick, there's no Synaptic Package Manager and Pitivi video editor. Nonetheless, still very much supported by Ubuntu.
  • Miscellaneous: Default font all across is the Ubuntu font. Looks a little weird on the terminal though. The default set of wallpapers are amazing, except for the Oneiric one.
  • Installation took about 7 minutes and that is still the best in Industry!
  • Multitouch support still there; One point touch is left click, Two point touch is right click and the accelerometer simulation kind of an effect with the track pad are still thriving.
  • Booting takes about 10-12 seconds on a fresh install; Will see if it slows down as Natty did when I had loaded with hundreds of startup applications. 

 Of all the current OS'es, Oneiric, if not for everything, just for its aesthetics takes a far leap ahead!


Sunday, October 9, 2011

Wavelab with GNU Octave

GNU Octave is the Free Software used for mathematical computation. With an extensive support for versatile library functions, and code compatibility with Matlab, GNU Octave is a sweet treat to every engineer and researcher.

Apart from the officially supported libraries and application toolboxes, GNU Octave also has abundant support and addons from extraneous efforts.

The Signal processing toolboxes, are exhaustive enough and consist of speech processing, image processing and video processing functionalities, which provide a common, stable and evolving platform for any of these domain specific applications.


Taking signal processing to the next level, when one is looking for some advanced signal processing functions, rendezvous with Wavelet Transforms is assured.


While GNU Octave does not officially, as yet , support a Wavelet Transform toolbox, the Wavelab toolbox from the Stanford University project works like a charm. With this extensive background to the toolbox itself, I present the procedure for incorporating this Wavelab toolbox with GNU Octave.
  • Unzip the archive; A folder Wavelab850 will be created with the contents of the toolbox
  • Create a directory /usr/toolbox to dump the Wavelab toolbox
sudo mkdir /usr/toolbox
  • Copy the unzipped contents to the location /usr/toolbox 
sudo cp -r Wavelab850 /usr/toolbox
  • To link the Wavelab library to GNU Octave, open the GNU Octave interpreter in the GNU/Linux terminal, and add the path of the previously added Wavelab850 directory, so that GNU Octave can fetch the Wavelab library files when the function call is made 
octave:2> addpath /usr/toolbox/Wavelab850
  • Now, invoke the functions from Wavelab by running the Wavelab file WavePath.m in the octave terminal, by just typing WavePath in the interpreter.
octave:2> WavePath
  • If the WaveLab has been invoked a welcome message as shown below would appear  

  • Now all the amazing Wavelab functions are available in GNU Octave! 
  • To take a stroll into WaveLab, type WTBrowser. "Chapter 2 Fourier Kingdom" is something every science enthusiast must look into and understand! 

  • Further one particluar example code I was deeply impressed with is the 2-D analysis of synthetic objects ( like images). Type in toon0231 in the interpreter to have some pleasing revelations of Wavelet Transforms
octave:2> toon0231
 Happy Hacking, Happy Learning !
PS: In subsequent posts I will try to regress and give some more fundamental features of GNU Octave.